WEST virginia Legislature
2017 regular session
By
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to the Committee on the Judiciary.
A BILL to repeal §61-11-2
of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended; to repeal §62-3-15 of said
code; to amend and reenact §61-2-2 of said code; to amend said code by adding
thereto seven new sections, designated §61-2-2a, §61-2-2b, §61-2-2c, §61-2-2d, §61-2-2e,
§61-2-2f and §61-2-2g; and to amend said code by adding thereto four new
sections, designated §62-7-4, §62-7-5, §62-7-6 and §62-7-6a, all relating to
death penalty for first degree murder; procedures, standards and findings
applicable to imposition thereof in certain instances including aggravating and
mitigating circumstances; sentencing; providing automatic review of the death
penalty by the Supreme Court of Appeals;
providing for forensic deoxyribonucleic acid ("DNA") testing of biological material in death penalty
cases; providing for execution of the death sentence by lethal injection;
providing for delivery of sentence of death to officer retaining custody of
person so sentenced; providing for transmission of indictment, order of
conviction, sentence and judgment entered thereon to the warden of the state
correctional facility; transfer of person sentenced to death to the state
correctional facility; execution; providing presence of certain persons be
requested for the execution; providing for certification that sentence of death
has been executed; and providing for disposition of the body.
Be it enacted by the
Legislature of West Virginia:
That §61-11-2 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as
amended, be repealed; that §62-3-15
of said code be repealed; that §61-2-2
of said code be amended and reenacted; that said code be amended by adding
thereto seven new sections, designated §61-2-2a,
§61-2-2b, §61-2-2c, §61-2-2d,
§61-2-2e, §61-2-2f and §61-2-2g;
and that said code be amended by adding thereto four new sections, designated §62-7-4, §62-7-5,
§62-7-6 and §62-7-6a, all to read as follows:
CHAPTER 61. CRIMES
AND THEIR PUNISHMENT.
ARTICLE 2. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON.
§61-2-2. Penalty for murder in first degree.
Any person convicted of murder of in
the first degree shall be punished by confinement in the penitentiary for
life sentenced to death if any one or more of the aggravating
circumstances enumerated in section two-b of this article have been charged and
found to be true without a finding of any one or more of the mitigating
circumstances enumerated in section two-c of this article. Any person otherwise
convicted of murder in the first degree is sentenced to confinement in a state
correctional facility for life without probation or parole.
§61-2-2a. Sentencing procedures for murder in the first
degree.
(a) Procedure in jury trials. --
After a verdict of murder in the first degree is recorded and
before the jury is discharged, the court shall conduct a separate sentencing
hearing in which the jury shall determine whether the defendant shall be
sentenced to death or life imprisonment.
In the sentencing hearing, evidence may be presented as to any matter
that the court determines relevant and admissible on the question of the
sentence to be imposed, including evidence relating to any of the aggravating
or mitigating circumstances specified in sections two-b and two-c of this
article. Evidence of aggravating
circumstances shall be limited to those circumstances specified in section two-b
of this article. After the presentation of evidence, the court shall permit
counsel to present argument for and against the sentence of death. The court shall then instruct the jury in
accordance with subsection (c) of this section.
Failure of the jury to unanimously agree upon a sentence does not
impeach or in any way affect the guilty verdict previously recorded.
(b) Procedure in nonjury trials and guilty pleas. --
If the defendant waives a jury trial or pleads guilty, the
sentencing proceeding shall be conducted before a jury impaneled for that
purpose unless waived by the defendant with the consent of the state, in which
latter case the trial judge shall hear the evidence and determine the penalty
in the same manner as would a jury.
(c) Instructions to jury. --
Before retiring to determine the imposition of sentence, the
jury shall be instructed by the court as to the following:
(1) The aggravating circumstances specified in section two-b
of this article for which any evidence has been presented;
(2) Mitigating circumstances, including those specified in
section two-c of this article, for which any evidence has been presented;
(3) Aggravating circumstances must be
proved by the state beyond a reasonable doubt.
Mitigating circumstances must be proved by the defendant by a
preponderance of the evidence;
(4) The sentence shall be a sentence of death if the jury
unanimously finds at least one aggravating circumstance specified in section
two-b of this article and no mitigating circumstance or if the jury unanimously
finds one or more aggravating circumstances which outweigh all mitigating
circumstances. The sentence shall be
life imprisonment without probation or parole in all other cases;
(5) The court may, in its discretion, discharge the jury if
it is of the opinion that further deliberation will not result in a unanimous
agreement as to the sentence, in which case the court shall sentence the
defendant to life imprisonment; and
(6) The court shall instruct the jury on any other matter
that may be just and proper under the circumstances.
§61-2-2b. Aggravating circumstances for imposition of capital
punishment.
When a defendant is convicted of murder in the first degree,
aggravating circumstances shall be limited to the following:
(1) The murder occurred when the defendant was incarcerated,
or under order of incarceration in a municipal, county or state correctional
institution, or if the murder occurred while defendant was an escaped convict;
(2) The victim was a fireman, peace officer, correctional
officer, parole officer, judicial officer or any individual who was killed in
the performance of his or her duty;
(3) The defendant paid, or was paid by, another person or had
contracted to pay, or to be paid by, another person or had conspired to pay, or
to be paid by, another person to kill the victim;
(4) The victim was being held by the defendant for ransom or
reward or as a shield or hostage;
(5) The death of the victim occurred while the defendant was
engaged in the hijacking of an aircraft;
(6) The victim was a prosecution witness to a murder or other
felony committed by the defendant and was killed for the purpose of preventing
his or her testimony against the defendant in any grand jury or court
proceedings;
(7) The defendant committed the murder while in the
commission of a felony;
(8) In the commission of the offense the defendant knowingly
created a grave risk of death to another person in addition to the victim of
the offense;
(9) The murder was especially heinous, atrocious or cruel,
manifesting exceptional depravity;
(10) The murder was the result of or was contributed to by
the defendant's use of a controlled substance;
(11) The defendant has a significant history of felony
convictions involving the use or threat of violence to the person;
(12) The defendant has been convicted of another federal or
state offense, committed either before or at the time of the murder at issue,
for which a sentence of life imprisonment or death could be imposed, or the
defendant was serving a sentence of life imprisonment for any reason at the
time of the commission of the murder; and
(13) The defendant has been convicted of another crime under
the provisions of chapter sixty-a of this code at the time of the commission of
the murder at issue.
§61-2-2c. Mitigating circumstances for imposition of
capital punishment.
When a defendant is convicted of murder in the first degree,
mitigating circumstances include the following:
(1) The defendant has no significant history of prior
criminal convictions;
(2) The defendant was under the influence of extreme mental
or emotional disturbance at the time of the commission of the murder at issue;
(3) The capacity of the defendant to appreciate the
criminality of his or her conduct or to conform his or her conduct to the
requirements of the law was substantially impaired at the time of the
commission of the murder at issue;
(4) The age of the defendant at the time of the murder at
issue;
(5) The defendant acted under extreme duress, or acted under
the substantial domination of another person at the time of the commission of
the murder at issue;
(6) The victim was a participant in the defendant's murderous conduct or consented to the murderous acts;
(7) The defendant's participation in
the murder at issue was relatively minor; and
(8) Any other evidence of mitigation
concerning the character and record of the defendant and the circumstances of
the murder.
§61-2-2d. Sentencing verdict by the jury.
After hearing all the evidence and arguments by counsel and
after receiving the instructions from the court, the jury shall deliberate and
render a sentencing verdict. In
rendering the verdict, the jury shall set forth in writing the findings upon
which the sentence is based. Based upon
these findings, the jury shall set forth in writing whether the sentence is
death or life imprisonment without probation or parole.
§61-2-2e. Recording sentencing verdict; imposing
sentence.
Whenever the jury agrees upon a sentencing verdict, it shall
be received and recorded by the court.
The court shall thereafter impose upon the defendant the sentence fixed
by the jury. In any case in which the
death penalty is imposed, execution shall be by lethal injection.
§61-2-2f. Review of death sentence.
(a) Whenever the death penalty is imposed and upon the
judgment becoming final in the circuit court, the sentence shall automatically
be reviewed on the record by the Supreme Court of Appeals. The clerk of
the circuit court, within ten days after receiving the transcript, shall
transmit the entire record and transcript to the Supreme Court of Appeals together with a notice prepared by the clerk and a
report prepared by the circuit judge.
The notice shall set forth the title and docket number of the case, the
name of the defendant and the name and address of his or her attorney, a
narrative statement of the judgment, the offense and the punishment prescribed. The report shall be in a standard form
prepared and supplied by the Supreme Court of Appeals.
(b) The Supreme Court of Appeals shall consider the punishment as well as any errors
enumerated by way of appeal.
(c) With regard to the sentence, the Supreme Court of Appeals shall determine:
(1) Whether the sentence of death was imposed under the
influence of passion, prejudice or any other arbitrary factor;
(2) Whether the evidence supports the jury's or judge's finding of a
statutory aggravating circumstance; and
(3) Whether the sentence of death is excessive or
disproportionate to the penalty imposed in similar cases, considering both the
crime and the defendant.
(d) Both the defendant and the state shall have the right to
submit briefs within the time limitations set forth in the rules by the Supreme
Court of Appeals, and to present oral
argument to the Supreme Court of Appeals.
(e) The Supreme Court of Appeals shall render a written decision which shall include a
reference to those similar cases which it took into consideration. The Supreme Court of Appeals, with regard to review of death sentences, shall:
(1) Affirm the sentence of death; or
(2) Set the sentence aside and remand the case for
resentencing by the circuit judge based on the record and argument of
counsel. The records of those similar
cases referred to by the Supreme Court of Appeals in its written decision shall be provided to the
resentencing judge for his or her consideration.
(f) The Supreme Court of Appeals may employ an appropriate staff and establish methods
to compile any cases or information considered by the chief justice to be
appropriate and relevant to the statutory questions concerning the validity of
the sentence.
(g) The sentence review shall be in addition to direct
appeal, if taken, and the review and appeal shall be consolidated for
consideration. The Supreme Court of Appeals shall render its decision on legal errors enumerated,
the factual substantiation of the verdict and the validity of the sentence.
§61-2-2g. DNA testing in death penalty cases.
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the
contrary, a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a court of this state
in which the death penalty has been imposed may, at any time after conviction,
apply to the court that entered the judgment for forensic deoxyribonucleic acid
("DNA") testing of any biological material that:
(1) Is related to the investigation or prosecution that
resulted in the judgment;
(2) Is in the actual or constructive possession of the state;
and
(3) Was not previously subjected to DNA testing, or can be
subjected to retesting with new DNA techniques that provide a reasonable
likelihood of more accurate and probative results.
(b) The court shall notify the state of an application made
under subsection (a) of this section and shall afford the state an opportunity
to respond.
(c) Upon receiving notice of an application made under
subsection (a) of this section, the state shall take such steps as are
necessary to ensure that any remaining biological material that was secured in
connection with the case is preserved pending the completion of proceedings
under this section.
(d) The court shall order DNA testing pursuant to an
application made under subsection (a) of this section upon a determination that
testing may produce noncumulative, exculpatory evidence relevant to the claim
of the applicant that the applicant was wrongfully convicted or sentenced.
(e) The cost of DNA testing ordered under subsection (d) of
this section shall be borne by the state or the applicant, as the court may
order in the interests of justice, if it is shown that the applicant is not
indigent and possesses the means to pay.
(f) The court may at any time appoint counsel for an indigent
applicant under this section.
(g) If the results of DNA testing conducted under this
section are unfavorable to the applicant, the court:
(1) Shall dismiss the application; and
(2) In the case of an applicant who is not indigent, may
assess the applicant for the cost of such testing.
(h) If the results of DNA testing conducted under this
section are favorable to the applicant, the court shall:
(1) Order a hearing, notwithstanding any provision of law
that would bar such a hearing; and
(2) Enter any order that serves the interests of justice,
including an order:
(A) Vacating and setting aside the judgment;
(B) Discharging the applicant if the applicant is in custody;
(C) Resentencing the applicant; or
(D) Granting a new trial.
(i) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the
circumstances under which a person may obtain DNA testing or other post conviction
relief under any other provision of law.
(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the state
shall preserve any biological material secured in connection with a death
penalty case for such period of time as a person remains incarcerated awaiting
execution under a death penalty sentence.
CHAPTER 62. CRIMINAL
PROCEDURE.
ARTICLE 7. EXECUTION OF SENTENCES; STAYS.
§62-7-4. Execution of death sentence.
Sentence of death, except for insurrection or rebellion, may
not be executed sooner than three months after the sentence is pronounced. The sentence of death shall, in every case,
be executed by lethal injection. The
sentence shall be executed within the walls of a state correctional facility within
an enclosure prepared for that purpose and constructed so as to exclude public
view. The execution shall be performed
under the direction of the warden of the state correctional facility and the
authorities in control thereof. The
warden of the state correctional facility or, in the case of his or her death,
absence or inability to act, the Commissioner of Corrections shall be the
executioner. In carrying out the
execution of sentence, the warden or the Commissioner of Corrections may secure
the services and advice of any person or persons either considers appropriate.
§62-7-5. Certificate of death sentence and indictment
to be sent to warden; transfer of convict to a state correctional facility;
persons present at execution.
The clerk of the court which pronounces the sentence of death
shall, as soon as possible after sentence, deliver a certified copy of the
sentence to the sheriff, who shall retain the custody of the convict sentenced
to death until he or she is delivered to a properly authorized guard sent by
the warden for the removal of the convict to the state correctional
facility. The clerk of the court shall
also forthwith transmit to the warden of the state correctional facility a copy
of the indictment, order of conviction and the sentence and judgment entered
thereon. As soon as possible after
receipt of the copies the warden shall send a guard or guards to remove the
convict to the state correctional facility.
Unless a suspension of execution is ordered, the execution shall take
place at the time and in the manner prescribed in the sentencing order. At the execution there may be present those
officers, guards and assistants as the warden or Commissioner of Corrections
considers appropriate. The warden or the
commissioner, as the case may be, shall request the presence of the prosecuting
attorney of the county wherein the conviction occurred, the clerk of the
circuit court thereof, twelve respectable citizens, including a physician and
representatives of the press as may be considered appropriate. The counsel of the convict, or any clergymen
the convict may desire and any of the convict's relations may be permitted to attend.
§62-7-6. Record of execution.
The warden or Commissioner of Corrections who executes the
sentence of death shall certify to the clerk of the circuit court, by which the
sentence was imposed, that the sentence has been executed. The clerk of the circuit court shall file the
certificate with the papers of the case and enter the certificate and papers
upon the records of the court.
§62-7-6a. Disposition of body of executed convict.
If the friends or relatives of the convict make a request in
writing to the warden at any time within two days after the sentence of death
has been executed, the body of the convict shall be returned to the friends or
relatives, in any county in the state, for burial. The warden may draw his or her order on the
Auditor of the state for whatever sum is necessary to pay for transportation of
the body, to be paid out of funds appropriated to the Division of
Corrections. If no request is made by
friends or relatives, the body shall be disposed of as provided for other
convicts who die within a state correctional facility.
NOTE: The purpose of this bill is
to provide for a death penalty and procedures and standards applicable thereto,
and automatic review of the penalty, for commission of murder in the first
degree. Procedures for carrying out the
death sentence are established.
Strike-throughs indicate language
that would be stricken from a heading or the present law, and underscoring
indicates new language that would be added.