WEST virginia legislature
2017 regular session
Committee Substitute
for
House Bill 2776
By Mr. Speaker (Mr.
Armstead) and Delegate Miley
[By Request of the Executive]
[Originating in the Committee on Finance;
March 23, 2017]
A BILL to amend and reenact §21-3-7 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended; to amend and reenact §21-3C-11 of the said code; to amend and reenact §21-3D-8 of said code; to amend and reenact §21-5-5c of said code; to amend and reenact §21-14-9 of said code; to amend and reenact §21-16-10 of said code; to amend and reenact §47-1-8, §47-1-20, §47-1-21 and §47-1-22 of said code; and to amend and reenact §47-1A-10 and §47-1A-14 of said code, all relating generally to the Division of Labor; establishing “Steam Boiler Fund”; establishing “HVAC Fund”; establishing “Plumbing Work Fund”; establishing “Psychophysiological Examiners Fund”; establishing “Bedding and Upholstery Fund”; requiring the commissioner to charge certain fees for steam boilers; authorizing the commissioner to promulgate legislative and emergency rules to administer and enforce fees on service persons and service agencies and businesses using weighing and measuring devices; directing civil penalty fees to the Weights and Measures Fund; removing requirement that the commissioner approve applications for sterilization permits held in states other than West Virginia only after personal inspection of such sterilizer or disinfector; increasing maximum fees for the issuance of certificates of operation of elevators; establishing certain late fees; establishing certain reissuance fees for revoked or expired permits; increasing certain fees for sterilizers, manufacturers, shippers or sellers of bedding or upholstery, upholsters and renovators; and authorizing the commissioner to promulgate legislative rules.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That §21-3-7 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended be amended and reenacted; that §21-3C-11 of said code be amended and reenacted; that §21-3D-8 of said code be amended and reenacted; that §21-5-5c of said code be amended and reenacted; that §21-14-9 of said code be amended and reenacted; that §21-16-10 of said code be amended and reenacted; that §47-1-8, §47-1-20, §47-1-21 and §47-1-22 of said code be amended and reenacted; and that §47-1A-10 and §47-1A-14 of said code be amended and reenacted, all to read as follows:
cHAPTER 21. LABOR.
ARTICLE 3. SAFETY AND WELFARE OF EMPLOYEES.
§21-3-7. Regulation of operation of steam boilers.
(a) Any person owning or operating a steam boiler carrying more than fifteen pounds pressure per square inch (except boilers on railroad locomotives subject to inspection under federal laws, portable boilers used for agricultural purposes, boilers on automobiles, boilers of steam fire engines brought into the state for temporary use in times of emergency for the purpose of checking conflagrations, boilers used in private residences which are used solely for residential purposes, any sectional boilers, small portable boilers commonly used in the oil and gas industry about their wells and tool houses, and boilers under the jurisdiction of the United States) in this state shall first obtain a permit to operate a steam boiler from the Commissioner of Labor, or from an inspector working under his or her jurisdiction.
(b) Applications for permits to operate a steam boiler
must be accompanied by a sworn statement made by the owner or operator of such
boiler, setting forth the condition of the boiler and its appurtenances at
which time, if the facts disclosed by such statement meet the safety
requirements established under this article, the Commissioner of Labor shall
issue a temporary permit, which shall be valid until such boiler has been
inspected by a boiler inspector authorized by the State Commissioner of Labor;
thereupon, if the boiler meets the safety requirements established under this
article, the Commissioner of Labor shall issue an annual permit to operate such
steam boiler: Provided, That boilers which are insured by an insurance
company operating in this state and which are inspected by such insurance
company's boiler inspector shall not be subject to inspection by the state department
Division of Labor, during any twelve months' months period
during which an inspection is made by the insurance company's boiler inspector.
(c) The Commissioner of Labor or state boiler inspector
shall have the authority to inspect steam boilers in this state. To carry out
the provisions of this section, the Commissioner of Labor shall prescribe rules
and regulations under which boilers may be constructed and operated, according
to their class. The Commissioner of Labor shall be authorized to may
revoke any permit to operate a steam boiler if the rules prescribed by the
Commissioner of Labor, or his or her authorized representative, are
violated or if a condition shall prevail which is hazardous to the life and
health of persons operating or employed at or around the boiler. Any person or
corporation who shall operate a steam boiler for which a permit is necessary
under the provisions of this section, without first obtaining such permit to operate
a steam boiler, shall be is guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon
conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $100 nor more than $500. Every
day a steam boiler requiring a permit to operate is operated without such
the permit shall be considered is a separate offense.
(d) The commissioner may charge such fee as he
determines reasonable shall charge an annual fee to be established by
legislative rule for the inspection of boilers by the department of
labor boiler inspector of the commissioner's authorized boiler inspection
agency division, for the processing of inspection reports from
insurance companies, for the issuing of annual permits to operate
boilers and for the commissioning of insurance company boiler
inspectors. Such fees shall be established by a rule promulgated in
accordance with the provisions of chapter twenty-nine-a of this code The
commissioner shall propose rules for legislative approval, in accordance with
article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code for the implementation and enforcement
of this section. No fee shall may be charged for the
inspection of boilers used on mobile equipment or vehicles used for occasional
entertainment or display purposes.
(e) All moneys collected pursuant to this section shall be deposited in a special account in the State Treasury to be known as the “Steam Boiler Fund” to be administered by the Commissioner of Labor. Expenditures from the fund shall be for the purposes set forth in this section and are not authorized from collections but are to be made only in accordance with appropriation by the Legislature and in accordance with the provisions of article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon fulfillment of the provisions of article two, chapter eleven-b of this code: Provided, That for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, two thousand eighteen, expenditures are authorized from collections rather than pursuant to appropriation by the Legislature.
ARTICLE 3C. ELEVATOR SAFETY.
§21-3C-11. Disposition of fees; legislative rules.
(a) The division shall
propose rules for legislative approval in accordance with the provisions of
article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code, for the implementation and
enforcement of the provisions of this article, which shall provide:
(1) Standards,
qualifications and procedures for submitting applications, taking examinations,
and issuing and renewing licenses, certificates of competency and certificates
of operation of the three licensure classifications set forth in section ten
(a) ten-a of this article;
(2) For the renewal of a
license, even if the licensee is unemployed or not working in the industry: Provided,
That to engage or offer to engage in the business of erecting, constructing,
installing, altering, servicing, repairing, or maintaining an elevator or
related conveyance covered by this article, the licensee shall be a contractor,
or be employed by a contractor licensed pursuant to the provisions of
section ten (a) six, article eleven, chapter twenty-one of the
code;
(3) Qualifications and supervision requirements for elevator apprentices;
(4) Provisions for the granting of licenses without examination, to applicants who present satisfactory evidence of having the expertise required to perform work as defined in this article and who apply for licensure on or before July 1, 2010: Provided, That if a license issued under the authority of this subsection subsequently lapses, the applicant may, at the discretion of the commissioner, be subject to all licensure requirements, including the examination;
(5) Provisions for the granting of emergency licenses in the event of an emergency due to disaster, act of God or work stoppage when the number of persons in the state holding licenses issued pursuant to this article is insufficient to cope with the emergency;
(6) Provisions for the granting of temporary licenses in the event that there are no elevator mechanics available to engage in the work of an elevator mechanic as defined by this article;
(7) Continuing education requirements;
(8) Procedures for investigating complaints and revoking or suspending licenses, certificates of competency and certificates of operation, including appeal procedures;
(9) Fees for testing, issuance and renewal of licenses, certificates of competency and certificates of operation, and other costs necessary to administer the provisions of this article;
(10) Enforcement procedures; and
(11) Any other rules necessary to effectuate the purposes of this article.
(b) The rules proposed for
promulgation pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall establish the
amount of any fee authorized pursuant to the provisions of this article: Provided,
That in no event may the fees established for the issuance of certificates of
operation exceed $50 $90.
(c) All fees collected
pursuant to the provisions of this article shall be deposited in an
appropriated special revenue account hereby created in the State Treasury known
as the "Elevator Safety Fund" and expended for the implementation and
enforcement of this article: Provided, That Amounts collected which are
found from time to time to exceed funds needed for the purposes set forth in
this article may be transferred to other accounts or funds and redesignated for
other purposes by appropriation of the Legislature. The “Elevator
Safety Fund” is hereby continued. All moneys collected pursuant to this article
shall be deposited into the fund to be administered by the Commissioner of
Labor. Expenditures from the fund shall be for the purposes set forth in this
article and are not authorized from collections but are to be made only in
accordance with appropriation by the Legislature and in accordance with the
provisions of article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon fulfillment
of the provisions of article two, chapter eleven-b of this code.
(d) The division may enter into agreements with counties and municipalities whereby such counties and municipalities be permitted to retain the inspection fees collected to support the enforcement activities at the local level.
(e) The commissioner and
his or her deputy commissioner or any compliance officer of the division as
authorized by the commissioner or his or her authorized representative
may consult with engineering authorities and organizations concerned with
standard safety codes, rules and regulations governing the operation,
maintenance, servicing, construction, alteration, installation and the
qualifications which are adequate, reasonable and necessary for the elevator
mechanic and inspector.
ARTICLE 3D. CRANE OPERATOR CERTIFICATION ACT.
§21-3D-8. Crane operator certification fund; fees; disposition of funds.
(a) There is hereby
established a crane operator certification fund in the State Treasurer's office
All moneys from fees collected pursuant to this article shall be deposited
in a special account in the State Treasury to be known as the “Crane Operator
Certification Fund” to be administered by the Commissioner of Labor.
Expenditures from the fund shall be for the purposes set forth in this article
and are not authorized from collections but are to be made only in accordance
with appropriation by the Legislature and in accordance with the provisions of
article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon fulfillment of the
provisions of article two, chapter eleven-b of this code.
(b) The commissioner may set reasonable application fees for the issuance or renewal of certificates and other services associated with crane operator certification.
(c)(1) The commissioner
shall receive and account for all money that is derived pursuant to the
provisions of this article. The commissioner shall pay all money collected into
the crane operator certification fund that has been established pursuant to
subsection (a), section eight of this article, with the exception of money
received as fines. This money shall be used exclusively by the commissioner for
purposes of administration and enforcement of his or her duties pursuant to
this article.
(2) Expenditures from
the crane operator certification fund shall be for the purposes set forth in
this article and are not authorized from collections but are to be made only in
accordance with appropriation by the Legislature in accordance with the
provisions of article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon the
fulfillment of the provisions set forth in article two, chapter five-a of this
code: Provided, That for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999,
expenditures are authorized from collections rather than pursuant to an
appropriation by the Legislature. Amounts collected which are found from time
to time to exceed the funds needed for purposes set forth in this article may
be transferred to other accounts or funds and redesignated for other purposes
by appropriation of the Legislature
ARTICLE 5. WAGE PAYMENT AND COLLECTION.
§21-5-5c. License required for psychophysiological detection of deception examiners; qualifications; promulgation of rules governing administration of psychophysiological detection of deception examinations.
(a) No person, firm or corporation shall administer a psychophysiological detection of deception examination, lie detector or other similar examination utilizing mechanical or electronic measures of physiological reactions to evaluate truthfulness without holding a current valid license to do so as issued by the Commissioner of Labor. No examination shall be administered by a licensed corporation except by an officer or employee thereof who is also licensed.
(b) A person is qualified to receive a license as an examiner if he or she:
(1) Is at least twenty-one years of age;
(2) Is a citizen of the United States;
(3) Has not been convicted of a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or a felony;
(4) Has not been released or discharged with other than honorable conditions from any of the armed services of the United States or that of any other nation;
(5) Has passed an examination conducted by the Commissioner of Labor or under his or her supervision, to determine his or her competency to obtain a license to practice as an examiner;
(6) Has satisfactorily completed not less than six months of internship training; and
(7) Has met any other qualifications of education or training established by the Commissioner of Labor in his or her sole discretion which qualifications are to be at least as stringent as those recommended by the American polygraph association.
(c) The Commissioner of Labor may designate and administer any test the commissioner considers appropriate to those persons applying for a license to administer psychophysiological detection of deception, lie detector or similar examination. The test shall be designed to ensure that the applicant is thoroughly familiar with the code of ethics of the American Polygraph Association and has been trained in accordance with association rules. The test must also include a rigorous examination of the applicant's knowledge of and familiarity with all aspects of operating psychophysiological detection of deception equipment and administering psychophysiological detection of deception examinations.
(d) The license to administer psychophysiological detection of deception, lie detector or similar examinations to any person shall be issued for a period of one year. It may be reissued from year to year. The licenses to be issued are:
(1) "Class I license" which authorizes an individual to administer psychophysiological detection of deception examinations for all purposes which are permissible under the provisions of this article and other applicable laws and rules.
(2) "Class II license" which authorizes an individual who is a full-time employee of a law-enforcement agency to administer psychophysiological detection of deception examinations to its employees or prospective employees only.
(e) The Commissioner of
Labor shall charge a fee an annual fee to be established by
legislative rule. The fees shall be deposited in the General Revenue Fund of
the state All moneys collected pursuant to this section shall be
deposited in a special account in the State Treasury to be known as the
“Psychophysiological Examiners Fund” and administered by the Commissioner of
Labor. Expenditures from the fund shall be for the purposes set forth in
this section and are not authorized from collections but are to be made only in
accordance with appropriation by the Legislature and in accordance with the
provisions of article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon fulfillment
of the provisions of article two, chapter eleven-b of this code: Provided, That
for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, two thousand eighteen,
expenditures are authorized from collections rather than pursuant to
appropriation by the Legislature. In addition to any other information
required, an application for a license shall include the applicant's social
security number.
(f) The Commissioner of
Labor shall propose rules for legislative approval in accordance with the
provisions of article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code governing
the administration of psychophysiological detection of deception, lie detector
or similar examination to any person: Provided, That all applicable
rules in effect on the effective date of sections five-a, five-b, five-c and
five-d of this article will remain in effect until amended, withdrawn, revoked,
repealed or replaced. The legislative rules shall include:
(1) The type and amount of training or schooling necessary for a person before which he or she may be licensed to administer or interpret a psychophysiological detection of deception, lie detector or similar examination;
(2) Testing requirements including the designation of the test to be administered to persons applying for licensure;
(3) Standards of accuracy which shall be met by machines or other devices to be used in psychophysiological detection of deception, lie detector or similar examination;
(4) The conditions under which a psychophysiological detection of deception, lie detector or similar examination may be administered;
(5) Fees for licenses, renewals of licenses and other services provided by the commissioner;
(6) Any other qualifications or requirements, including continuing education, established by the commissioner for the issuance or renewal of licenses; and
(7) Any other purpose to carry out the requirements of sections five-a, five-b, five-c and five-d of this article.
ARTICLE 14. SUPERVISION OF PLUMBING WORK.
§21-14-9. Disposition of fees.
All fees paid pursuant to the
provisions of this article, shall be paid to the Commissioner of Labor and
deposited in a special revenue account with in the State
Treasurer State Treasury to be known as the “Plumbing Work Fund”
to be administered by for the use of the Commissioner of Labor to
enforce the provisions of this article. Expenditures from the fund shall be
for the purposes set forth in this article and are not authorized from
collections but are to be made only in accordance with appropriation by the
Legislature and in accordance with the provisions of article three, chapter
twelve of this code and upon fulfillment of the provisions of article two,
chapter eleven-b of this code.
ARTICLE 16. REGULATION OF HEATING, VENTILATING AND COOLING WORK.
§21-16-10. Disposition of fees.
All fees paid pursuant to
this article, shall be paid to the Commissioner of Labor and deposited in "West
Virginia Contractor Licensing Board Fund" for the use of the Commissioner
of Labor in a manner consistent with section seventeen, article eleven, chapter
twenty-one of this Code a special account in the State Treasury to be
known as the “HVAC Fund” to be administered by the Commissioner of Labor. Expenditures
from the fund shall be for the purposes set forth in this article and are not
authorized from collections but are to be made only in accordance with
appropriation by the Legislature and in accordance with the provisions of
article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon fulfillment of the
provisions of article two, chapter eleven-b of this code: Provided, That
for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, two thousand eighteen,
expenditures are authorized from collections rather than pursuant to
appropriation by the Legislature.
CHAPTER 47. REGULATION OF TRADE.
ARTICLE 1. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
§47-1-8. Requirements for the registration of service persons and service agencies for commercial weighing and measuring devices.
(a) The uniform regulation for the voluntary registration
of service persons and service agencies for commercial weighing and measuring
devices as adopted by the national conference of weights and measures National
Conference of Weights and Measures and published in national institute
of standards and technology handbook National Institute of Standards and
Technology Handbook 130, "Uniform Laws and Regulations" and
supplements thereto or revisions thereof, shall apply to the registration of
service persons and service agencies in the state, except insofar as modified
or rejected by legislative rule.
(b) Beginning January 1, 2018, the commissioner shall charge an annual registration fee for service persons and service agencies to be established by legislative rule. The commissioner may file an emergency rule prior to January 1, 2018, to implement and administer the amendments made to this section in 2017. The commissioner may also propose rules for legislative approval, in accordance with article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code for the implementation and enforcement of this section.
§47-1-20. State measurement laboratory and Weights and Measures Fund.
The commissioner shall operate and maintain a state measurement laboratory certified and approved by the national institute of standards and technology. The laboratory shall be used to both house and maintain the state primary standards and secondary standards as traceable to the national standards and to test or calibrate any secondary or working standards which are submitted for test as required by this article.
The commissioner shall
promulgate rules, pursuant to chapter twenty-nine-a of this code to assess fees
for weights and measures laboratory calibration and testing. All fees collected
by the commissioner of labor under the provisions of this section article
shall be deposited into a special revenue account in the State Treasury to be
known as the "Weights and Measures Fund" to be administered by the
Commissioner of Labor. The moneys in the fund shall be used by the
commissioner solely for the enforcement of this article. The
commissioner is hereby authorized to allocate moneys from the weights and
measures fund to enforce the provisions of this article without legislative
appropriation of moneys from the fund until June 30, 2006. Effective
July 1, 2006, no moneys may be expended from the fund except by legislative
appropriation. Expenditures from the fund shall be for the purposes set
forth in this article and are not authorized from collections but are to be
made only in accordance with appropriation by the Legislature and in accordance
with the provisions of article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon
fulfillment of the provisions of article two, chapter eleven-b of this code: Provided,
That for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, two thousand
eighteen, expenditures are authorized from collections rather than pursuant to
appropriation by the Legislature..
The commissioner shall
provide such personnel as required to operate the laboratory in a manner which
is consistent with the needs of this article. Personnel shall be trained and
certified to perform all such calibrations and tests as required by the national
institute of standards and technology National Institute of Standards
and Technology to maintain traceability of the state standards to national
standards, and to properly maintain the laboratory facility as certified and
traceable to the national institute of standards and technology National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
§47-1-21. Registration of business.
(a) On or before October 1, 1994, every commercial business in the state which, in the course of conducting business, utilizes weights, measures and weighing and measuring devices covered by this article shall obtain a certificate of device registration for the commercial devices covered by this article, from the division. After October 1, 1994, it shall be unlawful in the state to conduct business subject to the provisions of this article without having first obtained a certificate of device registration from the division. Application for a certificate of device registration shall be made on a form provided by the division.
(b) A certificate of device registration is valid for twelve months from the date of issue. The certificate of device registration shall be posted within the place of business.
(c) Application for the renewal of a certificate of device registration shall be made on a form provided by the division at least thirty days prior to the renewal due date. The commissioner may deny the renewal of device registration for cause where the cause is the result of the conviction of the applicant, in a court of competent jurisdiction, for a violation of this article.
(d) Beginning January 1, 2018, the division shall charge an annual device registration fee, to be established by legislative rule. The commissioner may file an emergency rule prior to January 1, 2018, to implement and administer the amendments made to this section in the 2017 regular legislative session. The commissioner may also propose rules for legislative approval, in accordance with article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code for the implementation and enforcement of this section.
§47-1-22. Civil penalties.
(a) No person shall may:
(1) Use or have in possession for use in commerce any incorrect weight or measure;
(2) Sell or offer for sale for use in commerce any incorrect weight or measure;
(3) Remove any tag, seal or mark from any weight or measure, without specific authorization from the Weights and Measures Section; or
(4) Violate any provisions of this article or rules promulgated under it, not defined in subsection (a), section twenty-three of this article.
(b) Any person who violates
subsection (a) of this section or any rule promulgated by the commissioner may
be assessed a civil penalty by the commissioner, which penalty shall may
not be more than $1,000 for each violation. Each violation shall constitute a
separate offense. In determining the amount of the penalty, the commissioner
shall consider the person’s history of previous violations, the appropriateness
of such penalty to the size of the business of the person charged, the gravity
of the violation and the demonstrated good faith of the person charged in
attempting to achieve rapid compliance after notification of a violation.
(c) All civil penalties paid pursuant to this section shall be paid to the Commissioner of Labor and deposited in the Weights and Measures Fund created in section twenty of this article.
(d) A civil penalty may be assessed by the commissioner
only after the commissioner shall have has given at least ten
days’ notice to the person. Notice shall be in writing, shall contain a short,
plain statement of the matter asserted and shall designate a time and place for
a hearing where the person may show cause why the civil penalty should not be
imposed. Notice of hearing shall be sent by registered certified
mail. The person may, at the time designated for the hearing, produce evidence
on his or her behalf and be represented by council counsel.
(e) Any person aggrieved by a decision of the
commissioner shall have has the right to a contested case hearing
under the provisions of article five, chapter twenty-nine-a of this
code, et seq.
ARTICLE 1A. REGULATION AND CONTROL OF BEDDING AND UPHOLSTERY BUSINESSES.
§47-1A-10. Sterilization
processes; annual permits. fees
(1) Any sterilization
process used in connection herewith shall be approved by the commissioner.
Every person desiring to operate such sterilization process shall first obtain a
numbered permit from the commissioner and shall not operate such process unless
such permit is kept conspicuously posted in his or her establishment. The
fee for an original permit shall be $25 Application for such permit shall
be accompanied by the specifications for the sterilization process to be
employed by the applicant, in such form as the commissioner shall require. Such
permit shall expire one year from date of issue and the fee for annual
renewal of the sterilization permit shall be $10.
(2) Every application
for a sterilization permit to be held in a state other than West Virginia shall
be approved only after personal inspection of the applicant's sterilizer or
disinfector by the commissioner or an authorized employee of the bedding
division of the department. The expenses for such inspections out of the state
shall be paid by the applicant
(3) (2) The commissioner may revoke or suspend any
permit for violation of the provisions of this article. Upon notification of
such revocation or suspension, the person to whom the permit was issued, or his
or her successor or assignee, shall forthwith return such permit to the
commissioner. For reissuing a revoked or expired permit, the fee shall be
the same as for an original permit.
§47-1A-14. Annual registration and permit fees.
(a) The annual registration fee for all manufacturers
shipping or selling articles of bedding and for upholsterers or renovators,
as defined in this article, in the State of West Virginia shall be $50 $90,
payable on the first day of the fiscal year. Any manufacturer, upholsterer or renovator who submits
an annual registration fee on or after July 16 shall pay a $25 late fee in
addition to the annual fee.
(b) The annual registration sterilizer permit
fee for an upholsterer or renovator of articles of bedding, as defined in
this article, in the State of West Virginia shall be $10 $90,
payable on the first day of the fiscal year. Any sterilizer who submits an
annual permit fee on or after July 16 shall pay a $25 late fee in addition to
the annual fee.
(c) The fee for reissuing a revoked or expired registration or permit shall be $90.
(d) All fees collected pursuant to this article shall be deposited in a special account in the State Treasury to be known as the “Bedding and Upholstery Fund” to be administered by the Commissioner of Labor. Expenditures from the fund shall be for the purposes set forth in this article and are not authorized from collections but are to be made only in accordance with appropriation by the Legislature and in accordance with the provisions of article three, chapter twelve of this code and upon fulfillment of the provisions of article two, chapter eleven-b of this code: Provided, That for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, two thousand eighteen, expenditures are authorized from collections rather than pursuant to appropriation by the Legislature.