OPINION ISSUED JANUARY 25, 1991
ROBERT C. BIANCHINOTTI
VS.
COMMISSION ON AGING
(CC-90-364)
No appearance by claimant.
Lowell D. Greenwood, Assistant Attorney General, for respondent.
PER CURIAM:
This claim was submitted for decision based upon the allegations in the Notice of Claim and the
respondent's Answer. Claimant seeks $576.00 to correct the amount of the annual incremental salary
increase which he received for fiscal years 1985 through 1989 pursuant to West Virginia Code
Chapter 5, Article 5, Sections 1 and 2. The increment increase was based upon an inaccurate number
of years as respondent did not calculate the increment increase was based upon an inaccurate number
of years as respondent did not calculate the increment increase upon the actual number of eligible
years accrued by claimant during his employment with the West Virginia Housing and Development
Fund. Respondent has not paid the claimant for same. The respondent admits the validity and amount
of the claim and states that there were sufficient funds expired in the appropriate fiscal years with
which these payments could have been paid.
In view of the foregoing, the Court makes an award in the amount of $576.00.
Award of $576.00.
OPINIONS ISSUED JANUARY 25, 1991
CAROLYN SUE COPEN
VS.
DIVISION OF CORRECTIONS
(CC-89-368)
Claimant present in person.
Lowell D. Greenwood, Assistant Attorney General, for respondent.
PER CURIAM:
Claimant was involved in what appears to be an unprovoked altercation with another inmate at the
Pruntytown Correctional Facility, a facility of the respondent. Claimant's eyeglasses were damaged
in the altercation, and subsequently replaced at State expense. Claimant now brings this action
alleging the replacement glasses were of lesser quality. This Court has previously held that for lost or otherwise damaged personal articles, the State is liable for only the "fair value of the items."
Umberger vs. Department of Corrections, CC-86-411, unpublished Opinion (1988). The burden on
establishing fair value falls upon claimant. Claimant has failed in that regard to establish that her
State-provided glasses that are too dissimilar from those damaged, to be less than a fair value
replacement. Respondent having replaced the glasses is accordingly discharged from any further
responsibility to claimant in this matter.
The Court is of the opinion that the State is not an insurer of personal articles which inmates choose
to bring in State facilities. Fields vs. Department of Corrections, CC-87-215, unpublished Opinion
(1989). Therefore, the Court is of the opinion to and does disallow this claim.
Claim disallowed.
OPINIONS ISSUED JANUARY 25, 1991
GLENN E. CURKENDALL
VS.
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
(CC-89-456)
Thomas C. Cady, Attorney at Law, for claimant.
Robert F. Bible, Attorney at Law, for respondent.
BAKER, JUDGE:
Claimant was operating his 1981 Honda motorcycle on U.S. Route 19 north, near Clarksburg, West
Virginia, August 25, 1986, when his motorcycle crossed two drain holes in the road, forty-nine feet
apart. Claimant lost control of the motorcycle and sustained damages of $2,600 to the motorcycle,
and $6,900 in medical expenses and lost wages. Claimant contends that the accident was the result
of negligent design and maintenance of the drain(s). Evidence established that the respondent is
responsible for the described section of road, and this road had at the time of the accident, a square
drain inlet with a depression of three to seven inches below the surface, followed by a similar drain
inlet. Respndent avers that the drains were not a hazard, and that claimant had notice of the
condition, having driven the road daily during the last five years. Respondent aers that the drains
were not a hazard, and that claimant had notice of the condition, having drien the road daily during
the last five years. Respondent accordingly denies negligence, having no knowledge or complaints
of the dangerousness of the described section of road. Respondent challenges both the eligibility of
the claimant for damages, and the value of the damages asserted. Claimant argues that the collateral
source rule bars consideration of prior payments.
This accident occurred on a "very clear morning" in August, according to claimant. He was so
pleased with the favorable weather that he decided to ride his motorcycle to work. Leaving earlier
than usual, claimant nevertheless followed the same route to work that he had used during the last five years. On the day of the accident, claimant was on the outside lane area when he crossed the first
of two drain inlets. Testifying that the inlets were both too low below road surface, claimant said that
the first inlet caused him to lose control of the motorcycle, and the second inlet less than twenty
yards from the first, prevented him from regaining control, thereby causing the crash. The motorcycle
was a total loss. Claimant suffered fractures, and alleged damage to a nerve that controls male sexual
responsiveness. Claimant believes he is impotent as a result of the accident. The Court is asked to
decide whether the drains were the proximate and actual cause of the accident. We determine this
issue of fact and conclusion of law as follows:
The State is neither an insurer nor a guarantor of the safety of motorists on its highways. Adkins vs.
Sims, 130 W. Va. 645, 46 S.E. 2d 81 (1947). For the respondent to be held liable for defects in road
conditions, the claimant must prove that the respondnet had actual or constructive notice of the
condition, and a reasonable amount of time to take corrective action was given. It appears from the
testimony of respondent's witness that respondent was or should have been aware that the described
section of road could present an unreasonable risk of danger to motorcycle traffic. This witness, a
road supervisor, testified that drains, four to six inches below (road) surface level, "should have been
corrected." This witness further testified that the drains "should be about an inch below road
surface." The drains involved were raised after the accident. It is therefore the finding of this Court
that the drains were too low, and thereby caused an unreasonable danger to motorcycle traffic.
This Court also recognizes that the accident site has a posted 20 miles per hour speed advisory, and
the claimant has testified to exceeding that limit when he said, "my sped was 25 miles per hour." An
expert witness for the respondent counters that claimant was more likely traveling at twice that
speed, as indicated by skid marks left at the accident scene. In either event, it appears to this Court
that speed in excess of posted limits, a violation of statute, is involved. The West Virginia Supreme
Court of Appeals has consistently held that "violation of statute is prima facie evidence of
negligence." Price vs. Halstead, 355 S. E. 2d 380, 64 A.L.R. 4th 255 (1987).
Since negligence is imputed from the conduct of both claimant and respondent, this claim is
governed by the rule of comparative negligence. The rule in this State is that a party is not barred
from recovering damages in a tort action so long as the negligence or fault does not equal or exceed
the combined negligence or fault of the other parties involved in the action. Michie's Jurisprudence,
Negligence 27 at p. 339. Bradley vs. Appalachian Power Co., 163 W.Va. 332, 256 S.E.2d 879
(1979). It is the position of this Court that claimant was 50% negligent, and respondent was 50%
negligent.
Accordingly, the Court is of the opinion to and does deny this claim.
Claim disallowed.